Radon forms when uranium in soil and rock breaks down. As the gas rises, a house acts like a chimney: warm air leaving through the upper floors pulls soil gas in through the foundation. Levels are often highest in basements and lower floors, and they change with weather and season.
Breathing radon over years exposes lung tissue to radiation. The U.S. EPA and Surgeon General recommend testing every home, and fixing it when results reach 4 pCi/L or higher. Any house can have high radon — new or old, with or without a basement — and two neighboring homes can test very differently.
How it gets inside
- Slab cracksSettling and shrinkage cracks in concrete floors
- Sump pitsOpen pits connect straight to the soil below
- Floor–wall jointsThe seam where the slab meets the foundation
- CrawlspacesExposed dirt floors under living space
- Pipe gapsOpenings around plumbing and utility lines
- Well waterRadon can release from water into the air
#1Leading cause of lung cancer among people who have never smoked
~21,000U.S. lung cancer deaths each year linked to radon (EPA estimate)
1 in 15U.S. homes estimated to have elevated radon
4 pCi/LEPA action level: fix your home at or above this
Below 2Low. Retest every few years or after renovations.
2 to 3.9EPA suggests considering mitigation.
4 and upMitigate. Retest after the system is in.